For aspirants focusing on sociology as an optional subject, several research methodologies are crucial. Qualitative methods, such as case studies and interviews, help explore social phenomena deeply. Quantitative approaches, including surveys and statistical analysis, allow for systematic data collection and interpretation. Additionally, understanding theoretical frameworks like Marxism, Functionalism, and Symbolic Interactionism enriches an aspirant’s perspective. These methodologies not only aid in comprehending sociological concepts but also facilitate effective argumentation in both the Mains exam and the interview process.