The overall structure of the UPSC mains examination consists of nine papers, including two qualifying papers on any Indian language and English, followed by seven papers that encompass various subjects. The main assessment focuses on General Studies (four papers), Essay writing, and an Optional subject. Each paper is designed to evaluate a candidate's knowledge, comprehension, and analytical abilities. The examination emphasizes an in-depth understanding of diverse topics, allowing candidates to showcase their critical thinking and expression through structured responses within the allotted time frame.