Relevant elements of sociology for the UPSC syllabus include understanding social structures, stratification, and cultural norms. Topics like social change, gender studies, and community dynamics also provide insight into issues faced in governance and policy-making. Familiarity with sociological theories enhances analytical skills, essential for addressing both general studies questions and essay prompts. This understanding allows aspirants to grasp the societal context of various public policy impacts, making their responses more nuanced.