Effective essay writing for the UPSC exam requires clarity, structure, and argumentation. Begin with a clear introduction that presents your thesis statement. Use well-structured paragraphs that discuss each point cohesively, ensuring a logical flow of ideas. Incorporate relevant examples and real-world applications to reinforce your arguments. Additionally, address counterarguments to demonstrate critical thinking. A strong conclusion should sum up your points while reiterating the significance of the topic. Practice writing essays on various topics to develop fluency and time management for the exam.