To approach the population and demographic change topics in UPSC, candidates should examine data trends, including birth rates, migration, and urbanization. Understanding the implications of these changes on socioeconomic development, resource management, and policy-making is crucial. Candidates should integrate case studies and current affairs to contextualize demographic shifts within national and global frameworks. It is also essential to analyze population policies and their effectiveness in addressing issues like overpopulation and aging. Examining the intersection of demographics with health, education, and employment will provide a comprehensive understanding, vital for UPSC exams.