Socio-economic factors significantly influence educational achievement gaps by determining access to resources, opportunities, and quality education. Students from underprivileged backgrounds often face barriers such as limited access to technology, less parental support, and inadequate facilities. These disparities can lead to lower academic performance and reduced aspirations. Additionally, social factors like cultural capital and peer influences can affect motivation and engagement in learning. Recognizing and addressing these socio-economic barriers is crucial for formulating policies aimed at achieving educational equity.