Candidates can improve their comprehension of complex topics for UPSC by employing active learning strategies. Techniques like summarization, where they distill content into key points, enhance retention. Engaging with multiple sources—books, articles, and videos—provides diverse perspectives and aids deeper understanding. Forming study groups can facilitate discussion, allowing for clarification of doubts and reinforcement of concepts. Utilizing visual aids such as charts or diagrams can also simplify intricate subjects, making them more accessible. Regular revision and self-testing further solidify knowledge.