Antoine Lavoisier is credited with laying the foundations of modern chemistry. His work in the late 18th century revolutionized the field by introducing the concept of conservation of mass and debunking the phlogiston theory. He formulated the laws of chemical combination and helped develop a systematic chemical nomenclature. Lavoisier’s meticulous experiments and clear documentation transformed chemistry into a quantitative science. His seminal book, “Elementary Treatise on Chemistry,” is regarded as the first modern chemistry textbook, solidifying his legacy as the "father of modern chemistry."