Franz Kafka was a crucial figure in modern literature, known for his distinctive narrative style and themes of alienation and existential dread. His key works, including The Metamorphosis and The Trial, explore the absurdities of life and the struggles of the individual against unfathomable systems. Kafka's writing is characterized by its surrealism and dark humor, challenging readers to confront uncomfortable truths about society and the human psyche. His influence endures, inspiring numerous writers and artists in both literature and other cultural expressions.