The writings of Friedrich Nietzsche are significant to modern philosophy as they challenge conventional moral values and explore the concept of nihilism. Nietzsche introduced ideas like the Übermensch and the notion of "will to power," urging individuals to create their own values in a world devoid of intrinsic meaning. His critique of religion, particularly Christianity, and emphasis on individualism have influenced existentialism and postmodernism. Nietzsche's provocative ideas continue to spark debate and inspire philosophical discourse today.