The scientist credited with formulating the laws of motion and universal gravitation is Isaac Newton. His groundbreaking work, particularly the publication of "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" in 1687, consolidated his theories on how objects move and interact in space. Newton's three laws of motion laid the groundwork for classical mechanics, explaining concepts of inertia, force, and action-reaction. His formulation of gravitation revolutionized the understanding of celestial bodies, influencing subsequent generations of scientists and defining our comprehension of motion within the universe.