The revolutionary author known for impactful essays on race is James Baldwin. Baldwin's works, including "The Fire Next Time" and "Notes of a Native Son," explore the complexities of racism and identity in America. His eloquent prose reflects the struggles faced by African Americans and challenges societal norms regarding race and violence. Through his writings, Baldwin advocated for social change and provided profound insights into the human condition, establishing him as one of the most important voices in literature and civil rights activism.