James Joyce employed several literary devices in his narrative style, such as stream of consciousness, which reflects the inner thoughts of characters, creating a dense, intricate narrative. He also utilized symbolism, layering meanings within his work, and allusion to enhance thematic depth. Another significant technique is the use of epiphany, where characters gain sudden realization, often representing their complex consciousness. Joyce's style provides a modernist perspective that reshaped literature, focusing on internal experiences rather than objective storytelling.