Albert Einstein introduced groundbreaking innovations in science, most notably the theory of relativity, which fundamentally altered the understanding of space and time. His famous equation, E=mc², established the equivalence of mass and energy, paving the way for advancements in nuclear physics. Einstein's work laid the foundation for modern theoretical physics, influencing both quantum mechanics and cosmology. Moreover, his thoughts on philosophy of science encouraged a critical examination of the scientific method. Einstein's legacy extends beyond physics; he became an icon for human rights and pacifism, advocating for social justice throughout his life.