The famous man of letters who authored "The Social Contract" is Jean-Jacques Rousseau. This philosophical work, published in 1762, explores concepts of political legitimacy, individual freedom, and the collective will of the people. Rousseau argued that legitimate political authority comes from the consent of the governed, laying the groundwork for modern democratic thought. His ideas influenced the French Revolution and other revolutionary movements worldwide, advocating for social equality and the importance of civic engagement. Rousseau's legacy endures as a cornerstone in discussions of political philosophy and ethics.