Martin Luther King Jr. was the famous civil rights activist known for founding the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957. The SCLC played a pivotal role in the American civil rights movement, using nonviolent protests and organized efforts to combat racial injustice. King’s leadership and commitment to equality inspired millions to join the struggle for civil rights. His efforts had a profound impact on legislation, ultimately transforming societal attitudes towards race and justice.