The famous artist known for his surrealist paintings in the 20th century was Salvador Dalí. Renowned for his dreamlike imagery and bizarre scenes, Dalí explored themes of subconscious thoughts and desires. His iconic works, such as "The Persistence of Memory," depict distorted clocks and striking landscapes, challenging perception and reality. Dalí's flamboyant personality and technical skill further propelled his fame, making him a central figure in the Surrealist movement and influencing various artistic domains.